Science For You

Global Warming is the increase in Earth's mean surface temperature because of the effect of greenhouse gases. These gases absorb longwave radiations and warm the atmosphere, and this process is called a Greenhouse effect. It had led to many changes on the planet, such as a rise in sea level; massive melting of snow and land ice, elevated heat content of the oceans, increased humidity, change in the timings of seasonal events, and many others.  For both land and ocean, the global mean surface temperature indicates warming of 0.85°C from 1880 to 2012. During the period 1906-2005, the Earth’s mean surface temperature had increased by 0.74±0.18°C. Hence, it is seen that the rate of warming approximately doubled for the last half of that duration (0.13±0.03°C per decade, as compared to 0.07±0.02°C per decade). Effects of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) on Global Warming Each greenhouse gas, once emitted, rises into the air. There, it helps the atmosphere hold onto heat. ...

Heredity and Evolution  :- * The transfer of genetically based characters or traits from parents to their offspring is called heredity . * Gregor Johann Mendel , an Austrian Augustinian monk (1822–1884), performed the first ever  scientific experimental study on heredity and is rightly called the Father of Genetics . He conducted    experiments on pea plants (Pisum sativum) and studied the inheritance of certain traits.  * In 1944, Avery, MacLeod and McCarty proved that the chemical inherited is DNA, and it forms the  chemical or molecular basis of heredity. * Information about protein synthesis is stored in DNA, and synthesis of proteins is necessary for the  body. These proteins are synthesised by DNA through RNA. This is called the Central Dogma. * Transcription is the process of copying genetic information coded in DNA into the mRNA molecule. * DNA itself cannot move to the site of protein synthesis to di...

Introduction  :- The organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eyes and can be viewed only under the microscope are called microorganisms or microbes. Microbes are diverse and include bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae. Viruses are also microscopic but they are generally considered as non-living. They reproduce only inside a host cell, which can be bacteria, plants or animals. There are some microorganisms that are unicellular, that is, they are made up of only one cell, for example, bacteria, whereas there are some microorganisms that are made up of more than once cells and are called multicellular microorganisms, for example, moulds. Microorganisms are broadly divided into four groups: algae, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.Microorganisms could be found anywhere in the biosphere, that is, in soil,oceans, air, hot springs, deserts, etc. They are even present inside the body of animals. The study of microorganisms is termed as microbiology. Depending u...